Tech Distractions Blamed for Rise in Traffic Fatalities
Tech Distractions Blamed for Rise in Traffic Fatalities
By NEAL E. BOUDETTE NOV. 15, 2016
The messaging app Snapchat allows motorists to post
photos that record the speed of the vehicle. The navigation app Waze rewards
drivers with points when they report traffic jams and accidents. Even the game
Pokémon Go has drivers searching for virtual creatures on the nation’s
highways.
When distracted driving entered the national
consciousness a decade ago, the problem was mainly people who made calls or
sent texts from their cellphones. The solution then was to introduce new
technologies to keep drivers’ hands on the wheel. Innovations since then — car
Wi-Fi and a host of new apps — have led to a boom in internet use in vehicles
that safety experts say is contributing to a surge in highway deaths.
After steady declines over the last four decades, highway
fatalities last year recorded the largest annual percentage increase in 50
years. And the numbers so far this year are even worse. In the first six months
of 2016, highway deaths jumped 10.4 percent, to 17,775, from the comparable
period of 2015, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
“This is a crisis that needs to be addressed now,” Mark
R. Rosekind, the head of the agency, said in an interview.
The Florida Highway Patrol is investigating an Oct. 26
crash near Tampa that killed five people. A passenger in one car, a teenager,
recorded a Snapchat video showing her vehicle traveling at 115 m.p.h. just
before the collision.
A lawsuit filed in a Georgia court claims a teenage
driver who was in a September 2015 crash near Atlanta was using Snapchat while
driving more than 100 m.p.h., according to court records. The car collided with
the car of an Uber driver, who was seriously injured.
Alarmed by the statistics, the Department of
Transportation in October outlined a plan to work with the National Safety
Council and other advocacy groups to devise a “Road to Zero” strategy, with the
ambitious goal of eliminating roadway fatalities within 30 years.
The Obama administration’s transportation secretary,
Anthony Foxx, said that the near-term effort would involve identifying changes
in regulations, laws and standards that could help reduce fatalities. That
might include pushing for all states to tighten and enforce laws requiring use
of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles, while cracking down on
distracted or drunken driving. The effort might also include tougher regulation
of heavy trucks, Mr. Foxx said.
Deadly Crashes Rise
After decades of steady declines, the number of deaths
stemming from motor vehicle crashes has risen in the last two years to its
highest level since 2009.
Note: 2016 rate based on projections. | Source: National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration By The New York Times
A second, related effort would focus on setting
longer-term goals and speeding the introduction of autonomous-driving technologies
that many safety experts say have the potential to prevent accidents by
removing distracted humans from the driving equation.
One concern so far, though, is that current generations
of automated driver-assistance systems, like the Autopilot feature offered by
Tesla Motors, may be lulling some drivers into a false sense of security that
can contribute to distracted driving.
Whether highway safety officials in the Trump
administration will have the same priorities, though, is too soon to say. The
names of candidates for transportation secretary have not yet been publicly
floated.
Most new vehicles sold today have software that connects
to a smartphone and allows drivers to place phone calls, dictate texts and use
apps hands-free. Ford Motor has its Sync system, for example. Others, including
Honda, Hyundai and Mercedes-Benz, offer their own interfaces as well as Apple’s
CarPlay and Google’s Android Auto.
Automakers say these systems enable customers to
concentrate on driving even while interacting with their smartphones.
“The whole principle is to bring voice recognition to
customers so they can keep their eyes on the road and hands on the wheel,” said
Alan Hall, a spokesman for Ford, which began installing Sync in cars in 2007.
Since then, the company has added features to reduce
distractions, like a “do not disturb button” that lets drivers block incoming
calls and texts.
CarPlay allows use of the iPhone’s Siri virtual assistant
to answer phone calls, dictate texts and control apps like Spotify and Pandora.
Both Sync and CarPlay present simplified menus on a car’s in-dash display to
reduce driver distraction and turn off the phone’s screen, eliminating the
temptation to use the device itself.
But Deborah Hersman, president of the nonprofit National
Safety Council and a former chairwoman of the federal National Transportation
Safety Board, said it was not clear how much those various technologies reduced
distraction — or, instead, encouraged people to use even more functions on
their phones while driving. And freeing the drivers’ hands does not necessarily
clear their heads.
“It’s the cognitive workload on your brain that’s the
problem,” Ms. Hersman said.
Technology in some new cars is meant to reduce driver
distractions or compensate for them.
Dr. William Chandler, a retired neurosurgeon in Ann
Arbor, Mich., just bought a 2017 BMW X5 sport utility vehicle that warns him if
he drifts out of his lane on the highway or if a car is in his blind spot. His
favorite feature is a heads-up display on the windshield in front of him that
projects his speed, the speed limit and navigation information.
“It puts all the directions and turns right there in my
field of vision,” he said. “That’s a real safety factor for distracted driving,
because I’m never looking at the map on the screen in the console.”
But new cars make up only a small portion of the 260
million vehicles on the road in the United States. Digital diversion is harder
to address in older models.
Brett Hudson, 26, a teacher at a charter school in
Jackson, Mich., said his iPhone 6 Plus had become essential to his daily
commute in his 2002 Chevrolet TrailBlazer. He uses Apple Maps for navigation,
listens to music via Pandora and gets his favorite Michigan football call-in
show on iHeart Radio.
To reduce the time he looks at the phone, Mr. Hudson
installed an aftermarket Bluetooth system for hands-free phone calls. He mounts
the iPhone on a clip attached to an air vent, enabling him to see the screen while
still keeping the road in his field of vision.
Mr. Hudson concedes that the setup is not risk-free.
“I’ve noticed that when I do have to touch the phone,’’
he said, ‘‘my brain becomes so totally focused, even in that short period of
time, and I don’t really remember what’s happening on the road in those four or
five seconds.”
Insurance companies, which closely track auto accidents,
are convinced that the increasing use of electronic devices while driving is
the biggest cause of the rise in road fatalities, according to Robert Gordon, a
senior vice president of the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America.
“This is a serious public safety concern for the nation,”
Mr. Gordon said at a recent conference in Washington held by the National
Transportation Safety Board. “We are all trying to figure out to what extent
this is the new normal.”
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