Lawmakers warn about threat of political deepfakes by creating one
Lawmakers
warn about threat of political deepfakes by creating one
Cat Zakrzewski, The Washington Post
Published 9:51 am EDT, Friday, September 27, 2019
WASHINGTON - Rep. Michael Waltz wants Navy to
beat Army in this year's football game, according to a newly released political
deepfake - a video doctored with artificial intelligence. But it the content
wasn't true, as Waltz is a former Army Green Beret.
But Waltz teamed up with Rep. Don Beyer, D-Va.,
to craft the mock deepfake for the House Science subcommittee to illustrate
just how realistic this kind of disinformation can be. The SUNY-Albany and
University of Chicago researchers took a recorded video statement from Beyer
and transposed it onto Waltz's image - designed to be a jarring sight for
subcommittee chair and former Navy pilot Mikie Sherill, D-N.J.
The resulting video is a warning for lawmakers -
and the public - that bad actors could abuse this technology for much more
nefarious purposes than having a friendly joke about a sports rivalry. Watch it
here:
"You see how dangerous and misleading it
could be; I'm sure we fooled a couple of people," Beyer said. "For
instance, what if instead of 'Go Navy, Beat Army,' I said, 'It's time to
impeach the president'? That would be viral everywhere."
"My friends might appreciate that, but I
think he would not," he added of his Republican colleague.
As the 2020 election looms, Washington lawmakers
are increasingly concerned that bad actors will use deepfake technology to sow
chaos and stoke divisions among the American public - much like Russian actors
did with traditional social media posts during the 2016 election.
Waltz and Beyer are warning that the United
States needs to be investing in technology to quickly detect such fakes to keep
up in an arms race, as the tools to create misleading videos become even
cheaper and more widely available.
"These videos and this technology have the
potential to truly be a weapon for our adversaries," Waltz said.
Expert witnesses who specialize in computer
science and disinformation gave the lawmakers sobering testimony in a hearing
yesterday about the state of the country's preparedness to address deepfakes
and other hoaxes.
Siwei Lyu, who led the SUNY researchers in
developing the mock deepfake, said he was able to train his software in eight
hours using a minute-long video they found of Waltz on YouTube. Though Lyu
doesn't widely share the software tools he used to make the video, he told
lawmakers that right now similar technology is widely available online.
"The technical capability of making high
quality deepfakes is already at the disposal of whoever wants to make it,"
Lyu said.
Disinformation isn't a new problem, but it's one
that is being exacerbated by social media, which can help it spread much more
quickly, the witnesses said.
Hany Farid, a professor at the Univeristy of
California, Berkeley, warned lawmakers that the major technology platforms like
Facebook and Google need to play a role in addressing deepfakes, but the tech
companies have been slow to address the problem.
"You have to understand here that we are
fighting against business interests," Farid said. "In the last six
months, the language coming out of the technology sector is encouraging, but I
don't know there's a lot of action yet."
Technology companies are increasingly partnering
with academics to address deepfakes and build better technology to detect such
videos on their platforms. But the companies haven't yet publicly released
policies explaining how they will address deepfakes spotted on their platforms.
Farid said the recent video of House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi that was altered to appear as if she was slurring her words
underscores the impending challenges. Facebook allowed the video to remain on
its platform, and the company defended that decision saying it did not want to
be responsible for separating reality from fiction online.
"I can help with the technology problem,
but I don't know what I can do with the policy problem when you say you aren't
arbiters are the truth," Farid said. "They have to start getting
serious about how their platforms are being weaponized to great effect and
disrupting elections, inciting violence and sowing civil unrest."
Farid said it's difficult to predict exactly
when a convincing deepfake will be released to disrupt a U.S. election.
"I think it's coming, but I don't know
whether it will be in 2020, 2022 or 2024," Farid said. "Largely
because the cheap stuff still works. I think we'll eventually get ahead of that
and then this will be the next front."
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