Next in grocery wars: Mini-robot supermarkets...
FOCUS-Ahold ups stakes in US grocery war with
mini-"robot supermarkets"
By Emma Thomasson and Melissa Fares November 07, 2018,
12:00:00 AM EDT By Reuters
EINDHOVEN, Netherlands/NEW YORK, Nov 7 (Reuters) -
Grocery group Ahold Delhaize will roll out small, automated warehouses to speed
order picking and cut delivery times, Reuters has learned, as it revamps its
ecommerce business in response to rising competition in a fast-growing sector.
At an investor event on Nov. 13, the world's eighth
biggest food retailer is set to showcase a partnership that will allow it to
automate order collection at mini "robot supermarkets" attached to
the stores of its U.S. chains like Stop & Shop.
Now Netherlands-based Ahold Delhaize is teaming up with
Takeoff, a start-up which builds small warehouses that stack groceries to the
ceiling to save space and use robot arms to assemble shoppers' orders for items
such as beer, milk, bread and fruit.
The warehouses serve as condensed supermarkets that can
supply several stores with click-and-collect orders. They cost about $3 million
to build, which Takeoff says is less than the cost of a typical store revamp.
"Ahold is preparing for a major push," Curt
Avallone, Takeoff's chief development officer who led digital innovation at
Stop & Shop until 2003, told Reuters.
"If it goes well, both from their side and our side,
the hope is we would rapidly be able to build quite a few."
Ahold Chief Executive Frans Muller confirmed the deal on
Wednesday and said it should help expand online faster and at a lower cost than
with standalone warehouses.
"With the robotized solution we can optimize those
picking costs and be closer with micro fulfillment to our catchment areas. We
also reduce the cost of the last mile," he said.
Ahold's shares jumped 5 percent on Wednesday as it
reported third-quarter results that beat analysts' forecasts, lifted by strong
online sales and growth in its key markets.
ONLINE GROCERY WAR
Ahold's move is the latest salvo in a war for the online
grocery market that has escalated since Amazon's takeover of Whole Foods last
year. Whole Foods since launched same-day grocery delivery with Amazon's Prime
Now in more than 60 cities.
Other retailers are also racing to respond: Walmart will
test Alert Innovation's Alphabot automated grocery picking at a store in New
Hampshire, and Kroger has teamed up with British online grocery expert Ocado.
Kroger said it will disclose the location for the first
three U.S. sites out of a planned 20 high-tech Ocado warehouses in the next
couple of weeks. They will take about two years to build and each cost Ocado
about $39 million.
Ahold Delhaize, the operator of U.S. chains such as Giant
Food, Food Lion and Hannaford, acquired Chicago-based online grocer Peapod in
2000 which is still the market leader.
However, growth has slowed at Peapod since Amazon bought
Whole Foods and as supermarkets -- including Ahold's own chains like Stop &
Shop -- team up with start-ups like Instacart to offer curbside pick-up, or
one- to two-hour delivery.
Ahold reported U.S. online sales growth picked up in the
third quarter, but Muller said he was still not happy with that.
HAND TO MOUTH
Until now, Ahold's strategy has been largely manual. At
its warehouses, known as "dark stores", pickers grab items from
shelves and put them into crates for packaging and delivery.
Ahold Delhaize has decades of experience in delivering
groceries to people's homes, starting in the Netherlands in 1986 when its
Albert Heijn chain took orders by phone or fax.
At one Albert Heijn warehouse outside the Dutch city of
Eindhoven, pickers each grab an average of one product every 10 seconds,
walking about 4.5 km a day. Algorithms work out the shortest path through the
aisles, and try to minimise trolley congestion.
Pawel Kamienczuk, a 28-year-old order picker from Poland,
sweats as he races down an aisle, trying to meet a target of 380 items an hour.
"At the beginning, it took time to get used to it,
but now I don't feel tired," he said.
Kamienczuk wears a device like a smartphone on his wrist
which tells him where to go and which items to grab next.
He scans each product with a device mounted on his
forefinger and puts it into one of 18 blue crates stacked on a large trolley.
Albert Heijn warehouses can pick and pack 135-140 units
per labour hour, lower than Kamienczuk's rate because it takes into account
work done by others to unload supplies, stack shelves, assemble orders and pack
delivery vans.
The figure is also less than the 163 units Ocado reported
for the first half of 2018, but analysts say it is impressive given than Albert
Heijn's capital outlay for its centres is a fraction of the cost of Ocado's
automated warehouses.
Efficiency is key at a time when labour costs are rising
in the United States and Europe.
The Dutch jobless rate is at an 18-year low and U.S.
unemployment is around the lowest in five decades, wage pressures are rising and
companies are increasingly complaining about a scarcity of workers.
Last month, Amazon said it would raise the minimum wage
for U.S. workers to $15 an hour, in part to attract staff.
At Ahold's Peapod warehouse in Jersey City, pickers who
start on about $12 per hour with benefits can make up to $3.50 an hour extra if
they beat speed targets, but they are also closely monitored for quality: a
dented tin could mean a refund.
"When we shop, we have many people that check after
us," said Amal, an expert "shopper" who specialises in selecting
bananas, Peapod's top selling product.
The Peapod warehouse in New Jersey is the firm's biggest
and most sophisticated to date in terms of automation.
There, crates move along conveyer belts to teams of
pickers who focus on different food categories, while robots add non-food items
like shampoo. Peapod does not share pick times.
Despite the automation, Peapod employs 825 people here,
working two shifts from 5 a.m. until 2 p.m. and from 5 p.m. until 2 a.m. in a
warehouse with seven temperature zones.
NEXT DAY VERSUS SAME DAY
Peapod has only offered next-day delivery so far. The
partnership with Takeoff will enable the group to offer same-day delivery, or
click-and-collect, initially to customers living near a pilot warehouse at a
Shop & Stop in Connecticut.
Avallone declined to comment on the financials of the
Ahold deal, but said Takeoff should be able to roll out the concept quickly as
it takes 16-20 weeks to set up its 10,000 square foot warehouses, which can
handle up to $50 million in annual sales.
That contrasts with Ocado's newest facility in Britain,
which is a 563,000 square foot site, with a potential annual turnover of 1.2
billion pounds ($1.55 billion).
The U.S. grocery ecommerce market is still in its infancy
at just 1.6 percent of sales, but it is expected to more than double by 2023,
according to industry research group IGD.
Ahold, which makes almost two thirds of its sales in the
United States, wants to boost ecommerce sales to 5 billion euros ($5.8 billion)
by 2020, or about 8 percent of total turnover, from 2.8 billion in 2017. It
will update that target next week.
Its U.S. online sales should near $1 billion by the end
of the year as it creates a shared ecommerce infrastructure for all of its
store-based brands, along with its online grocery site Peapod, Muller said in
August.
($1 = 0.7671 pounds)
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