Why Self-Driving Vehicles Are Going to Deliver Pizzas Before People
Why Self-Driving Vehicles Are Going to Deliver Pizzas
Before People
Here’s What It Will Take for People to Fully Trust
Self-Driving Cars
They’re coming, like it or not.
By BLOOMBERG March 13, 2018
In the wait for self-driving technology, cell-phone
toting tech bros may have to cede their spot in line to pizzas, Craigslist
couches and the mounting ephemera of e-commerce.
The future—at least in the near-term—will not only be
driverless, but sans passenger as well.
The early conversations around driverless cars have
focused on robot taxis because taking the human driver out of a cab seemed like
the quickest path to profitability. But an increasing number of
companies—automakers, tech giants, startups, parcel services—are seeing
autonomous delivery as the more lucrative venture.
“The revolution in commercial vehicles will come first,
then the passenger cars” will follow, said Ashwani Gupta, senior vice president
of Renault-Nissan’s light commercial vehicle business. “The moment business
people start believing this is going to generate additional revenue and that
this is going to be more efficient, then I think they’ll start working on it.”
And no wonder: The potential market is huge. Consumers
now favor shopping online to schlepping to the mall, with Amazon.com Inc. alone
delivering more than 5 billion packages to its Prime members last year.
Automating the arrival of all those brown boxes on front porches would slash
shipping costs in half, experts say. That’s why consultant McKinsey & Co.
predicts that in less than a decade, 80 percent of all items will be delivered
autonomously.
“The level of interest around autonomous goods delivery
has gone up dramatically,” said Asutosh Padhi, a McKinsey senior partner. “The
economics will be compelling and it will change consumer expectations in a
fundamental way.”
Automated delivery has plenty of advantages over
robo-taxis, starting with fewer safety concerns about hauling cargo instead of
humans. And unlike ride hailing, driverless delivery is not dependent on the
morning and evening rush when cabs are busiest. Delivery demand exists 24/7 and
works best in the dead of night when there’s scant traffic on the road. A robot
that works almost all the time could cut two-day delivery into two hours. And a
utilitarian delivery pod, which doesn’t need seats or creature comforts for
occupants, can maximize return on investment.
“The business potential is so large,” said Daniel Laury,
chief executive officer of Udelv, a Silicon Valley startup that began
demonstrating driverless delivery of groceries in January. “You’re talking
about hundreds of billions of dollars.”
With so much money on the table, the nascent business is
attracting the interest of global automakers and tech giants alike. This week,
Waymo, the former Google self-driving car project, begins testing autonomous
big rigs hauling cargo in Atlanta. Ford Motor Co. just began a pilot in Miami
to understand how self-driving cars and vans would deliver pizza, groceries and
other goods. Germany’s Daimler AG has shown its autonomous Freightliner Inspiration
truck and Tesla Inc. has teased a self-driving semi as logistics companies seek
to eliminate human drivers that account for as much as 70 percent of the cost
of hauling goods.
And that’s not all. Toyota Motor Corp. in January
unveiled a concept for an autonomous vehicle that can haul people or cargo,
while Renault-Nissan will debut a driverless delivery vehicle at the Hanover
Motor Show in September. Big logistics players from Germany’s Deutsche Post to
Amazon itself are also planning their own driverless delivery futures.
“The Amazon effect has really changed how commerce is
done,” said Danny Shapiro, senior director of the automotive business at chip
maker Nvidia Corp., the computing brains behind driverless vehicles from more
than 320 companies including Daimler AG’s Mercedes-Benz. “It has caused a huge
growth in the number of packages being delivered, which is why we’ll ultimately
move toward a driverless delivery system.”
Here’s how short-haul robot delivery might work,
according to those creating it: You order an item online or on your phone and
specify a window of time for it to be delivered to your home or office. As the
package nears its destination, you get an alert telling you to come to the curb
to retrieve your merchandise from a locked compartment in the vehicle. You
unlock it with a code punched into a touchpad on the side of the vehicle or by
scanning a barcode texted to your phone.
“It’s like an Amazon locker on wheels,” Shapiro said.
This, though, highlights the biggest weakness in the
driverless delivery scenario: There is no driver or pizza delivery person to
get the goods from the vehicle to your front door.
“The delivery vehicle has a last 50-foot problem,” said
Mike Ramsey, transportation analyst with researcher Gartner Inc.
Eventually, drones or sidewalk robots may close the gap,
but for now, consumers will have to pad out to the curb.
“That’s part of what we’re learning,” said Sherif
Marakby, Ford’s vice president of autonomous vehicles and electrification, who
is overseeing its Miami test. “We’re looking at the willingness of the customer
to come down and pick up their goods.”
In a test Ford conducted with Domino’s Pizza last fall in
Ann Arbor, Michigan, consumers were eager to come out to the car, which spoke
in a soothing voice that walked them through the process. (Some human subjects
found themselves talking back.)
“In the early days, people are just fascinated with the
technology,” Jim Farley, Ford’s president of global markets. “In Ann Arbor, I’m
sure we had people who just wanted to see how it would work, out of curiosity
as well as being hungry.”
Autonomous delivery may first appear on the highway, as
long lines of big rigs “platoon” in unison in their own lane, McKinsey’s Padhi
said. Humans will be on board initially, but they will not be driving, just
monitoring. Unlike today, the trucks are likely to travel in the left lane so
they don’t block exits or on-ramps for regular drivers. And the platooning
truck lane may be blocked off with concrete barriers for safety.
“Many states have laws on the books that will need to be
amended for platoon operations,” said Jim Barbaresso, national practice leader
for intelligent transportation for consultant HNTB Corp. “These laws have been
on the books for close to a century for farm to market, two-lane roadways.”
For short hauls around town, autonomy may first appear as
“follow me” technology, where a delivery truck can drive itself around the
block to meet up with the driver who has been dropping off packages throughout
a neighborhood.
“It makes the human delivery person more efficient,” said
Nvidia’s Shaprio, who demonstrated the technology in Germany last year with
Deutsche Post subsidiary DHL. “Instead of starting and stopping to move house
by house, the driver can grab packages and make deliveries while the van
follows along with them.”
Ultimately, the neighborhood delivery pod might look like
the giant toaster-shaped vehicle introduced by Nuro, a Silicon Valley startup
led by two former members of Google’s self-driving car program. The 1,500-pound
pod is battery powered, putters at low speeds and has a customizable interior that
can carry about 250 pounds of cargo. Best of all: No human occupant is at risk
if the robot goes wrong.
“Almost all the big players in self-driving have a
critical interest in getting passenger self-driving right because to them, it’s
an existential threat,” said Dave Ferguson, Nuro’s CEO. “Whereas, for us, there
are just some things we don’t need to worry about.”
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