China clamps down on online news with new security rules
China clamps down on online news with new security rules
By: MATTHEW BROWN, Associates Press POSTED:MAY 03 2017
08:01AM EDT UPDATED:MAY 03 2017 08:01AM EDT
BEIJING (AP) - China is tightening rules for online news
as censors try to control a flood of information spread through
instant-messaging apps, blogs and other media sources that are proliferating
across the country.
The rules announced Tuesday will require online
publishers to obtain government licenses and block foreign or private companies
from investing in online news services or directly disseminating news.
Chinese news outlets will have to undergo a security
review before working with foreign companies, according to a statement from the
Cyberspace Administration of China, the agency charged with enforcing the
rules, which take effect June 1.
The move follows a crackdown on dissent under Communist
Party leader Xi Jinping that has led to tighter controls on what can be
published online.
With the latest rules, the government will require
internet companies to censor what their customers see or risk losing their
right to distribute news, Chinese media expert Qiao Mu said.
"This is aimed at the companies rather than the
individual users," he said. "It's not only to ideologically control
information, but also to control the source of the information."
There are more than 700 million internet users in China.
Authorities have long sought to block material considered subversive by erasing
objectionable items off news sites and microblogs. Under an elaborate
censorship system that's been dubbed the Great Firewall, websites such as
Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are blocked.
Many internet users in China regularly circumvent that
system by using virtual private networks, or VPNs. Those offer encrypted
connections intended to thwart censorship and allow access to banned sites.
The new rules adopt a more proactive approach, dictating
restrictions on news site ownership and funding and targeting companies or
individuals that violate them. News services will face penalties such as
criminal prosecution if they fail to "persist in ... serving
socialism," promote a "benign online culture," and "safeguard
the national interest."
Qiao said three of China's biggest internet companies -
Baidu, Tencent, and NetEase - could be affected. Each provides access to news:
Baidu via its popular search platform, Tencent through the WeChat messaging app
and NetEase through its Mobile News app.
Numerous smaller news providers that use the larger
companies' platforms also would fall under the new rules, Qiao said.
Baidu spokeswoman Whitney Yan said the company had no
comment. Representatives of Tencent and Netease did not immediately respond to
questions about the new rules.
The rules target Chinese internet services and seem
unlikely to affect foreign news organizations and websites based overseas, many
of which are already blocked in China.
How much information gets filtered out will be determined
by how forcefully agencies including the Cybersecurity Administration enforce
the new rules, said Zhan Jiang with the Department of International Journalism
and Communication at Beijing Foreign Studies University.
The official Xinhua News Agency characterized the rules
as a security measure intended in part to protect the privacy of users.
But the rules also reveal rising anxiety among the
country's rulers over a "digital activism" that is driving change
across Chinese society, said Xiao Qiang, director of the China Internet Project
at the University of California at Berkeley. Those worries have been
heightened, he said, by the sudden rise in popularity of quasi-autonomous
services such as WeChat, which has become ubiquitous in some major cities.
"There are millions of Chinese netizens capable of
circumventing the Great Firewall," Xiao said, adding that has left leaders
fearful "of losing control of online media, which plays an essential role
of shaping public minds in China today."
Associated Press news assistant Liu Zheng contributed to
this story.
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