Try, Robot: Darpa contest sends new humanoids into 'nuclear reactor'
Try, Robot: Darpa contest sends new humanoids into
'nuclear reactor'
At an event that combines the feel of a trade fair with a
Mythbusters episode, robots compete in navigating simulation of Japan’s
Fukushima Daiichi plant
By Sam Thielman in Pomona, California
Saturday 6 June 2015 11.02 EDT Last modified on Saturday 6 June 2015 11.10
EDT
Robots are terrible drivers.
The one that had just navigated a smooth stretch of road
a few hundred feet long had taken 15 minutes to do so, and it didn’t really fit
behind the wheel of the little red chrome four-wheeler, a sort of all-terrain
golf cart called a Polaris Ranger. Instead, the robot had wedged itself across
two seats and had to be winched out of the car with a chain hanging from a
pulley system at the top of a big rolling frame. It had also had a hard time
with the turns.
“Come on!” yelled an Italian woman sitting in her team’s
section of the stadium. “Go, Walk-Man!”
A team of concerned-looking European engineers in mod
blue hard hats were chatting and staring worriedly at Walk-Man, a hulking metal
thing with bright LED lights on either side of its head, as it stood at the
threshold of a fake nuclear reactor. A moment earlier, there had been raucous
cheering throughout the Fairplex, formerly the Los Angeles County Fairgrounds,
in Pomona, California, for Walk-Man had done the nearly impossible: he had
opened a door.
Now, Walk-Man looked tentative, as though having second
thoughts about whether or not to step over the threshold.
On Friday and Saturday, the Darpa Robotics Challenge –
the “Robolympics”, unofficially, according to a couple of engineers laughing
next to the Trac Labs garage, where a Boston Dynamics Atlas humanoid dangled
from a scaffold – completes its final competition, with 25 teams of engineers
and scientists giving orders to huge machines trundling across a landscape
designed to simulate the impassible environment that greeted aid workers after
the Fukushima Daiichi reactor in Japan melted down multiple times in 2011.
Engineers tried to help, but no robots could navigate the
hazardous terrain and disaster ensued, rendering a huge area around the plant
uninhabitable after toxic steam exploded into the skies. The radioactive
leftovers are still emitting a million watts of heat.
If a Darpa contestant is able to navigate the terrain
successfully, and in a short amount of time (each team has an hour to run the
course) it will become the richest robot in town: first prize is $2m, second
prize is $1m, and third gets $500,000.
The public event is a cross between the Consumer
Electronics Show and an episode of Mythbusters. Inside the Fairplex, the stands
were filled on Friday with people cheering for their favorite androids. Outside
was a big expo with kids running around playing with (or staring terrified at)
all kinds of robots: some dancing, some playing music, some swimming in a giant
tank where they can be piloted with a video game controller. One company, Ekso,
makes robotic trousers that make it easier to carry a backpack.
The purpose of the main event, however, is deadly
serious.
“The idea, inspired by Fukushima, is to come up with a
simulation of a disaster that is like [that],” said Dr Gill Pratt, the
avuncular, eloquent director of the Tactical Technology Office (TTO) program at
Darpa that oversees the project.
Darpa is the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
the arm of the US Defense Department that is responsible in large part for the
creation of the computer network, Arpanet, that became the internet.
“The teams will not have any human help for the robots
themselves, and the key element, again, is between the human controllers and
the robot is a very degraded communication link,” Pratt explained.
From the stands in front of Walk-Man, communication
appeared to degrade earlier than scheduled. The robot on the track next to
Walk-Man, HRP-2, stood at the same phase in its trial, in front of its own
door. Something went wrong, however, and it collapsed. Simultaneously,
Walk-Man’s legs folded and the blue lights on either side of its head went out.
It looked exactly like Walk-Man had fainted.
This was a Wi-Fi problem, explained Darwin Caldwell, a
Northern Irish engineer working on Walk-Man out of its home base, the Italian
Institute of Technology (IIT). HRP-2’s kill switch had somehow killed Walk-Man
too.
Caldwell, who lives in Manchester and commutes to Genoa,
where the IIT and Walk-Man live, was annoyed about the snafu, though not with
his competitors – despite the competition, engineers tend to lend each other
tools and advice, and to blame bureaucracy for any mistakes.
Caldwell’s project, which cost some $400,000 in parts
alone, is primarily funded by the European Union. The Walk-Man project has been
going on for four years, with goals similar to Darpa’s stated intentions of
developing disaster-relief androids – though the robot itself is one of the
youngest in the competition, having been around for only four months.
“Particularly when you need to improvise, the environment
you’re going into is a human environment, and a humanoid robot is designed to
take on a human environment and we can adapt to it like humans,” Caldwell said.
“If you’ve got a quadruped robot, or a robot with wheels,
it’s not really designed for that environment, so it might be able to adapt.
But we know humans can go in there. We know humans can do that. That’s one
thing we’re certain of.”
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