State surveillance of personal data is theft, say world's leading authors
State surveillance of personal data is theft, say world's
leading authors
• 500 signatories include five Nobel prize winners
• Writers demand 'digital bill of rights' to curb abuses
By Matthew Taylor and Nick Hopkins
The Guardian, Monday 9 December 2013
More than 500 of the world's leading authors, including
five Nobel prize winners, have condemned the scale of state surveillance
revealed by the whistleblower Edward Snowden and warned that spy agencies are
undermining democracy and must be curbed by a new international charter.
The signatories, who come from 81 different countries and
include Margaret Atwood, Don DeLillo, Orhan Pamuk, Günter Grass and Arundhati
Roy, say the capacity of intelligence agencies to spy on millions of people's
digital communications is turning everyone into potential suspects, with
worrying implications for the way societies work.
They have urged the United Nations to create an
international bill of digital rights that would enshrine the protection of
civil rights in the internet age.
Their call comes a day after the heads of the world's
leading technology companies demanded sweeping changes to surveillance laws to
help preserve the public's trust in the internet – reflecting the growing
global momentum for a proper review of mass snooping capabilities in countries
such as the US and UK, which have been the pioneers in the field.
The open letter to the US president, Barack Obama, from
firms including Apple, Google, Microsoft and Facebook, will be followed by the
petition, which has drawn together a remarkable list of the world's most
respected and widely-read authors, who have accused states of systematically
abusing their powers by conducting intrusive mass surveillance.
Julian Barnes, Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Irvine Welsh,
Hari Kunzru, Jeanette Winterson and Kazuo Ishiguro are among the British authors
on the list.
It also includes JM Coetzee, Yann Martel, Ariel Dorfman,
Amit Chaudhuri, Roddy Doyle, Amos Oz, David Grossman, and the Russian Mikhail
Shishkin.
Henning Mankell, Lionel Shriver, Hanif Kureishi and the
antipodean writers CK Stead, Thomas Keneally and Anna Funder are other globally
renowned signatories.
The Guardian has published a series of stories about the
mass surveillance techniques of GCHQ and its US counterpart, the NSA, over the
past six months; two of the most significant programmes uncovered in the
Snowden files were Prism, run by the NSA, and Tempora, which was set up by
GCHQ. Between them, they allow the agencies to harvest, store and analyse data
about millions of phone calls, emails and search-engine queries.
Though Tuesday's statement does not mention these
programmes by name, it says the extent of surveillance revealed by Snowden has
challenged and undermined the right of all humans to "remain unobserved
and unmolested" in their thoughts, personal environments and
communications. "This fundamental human right has been rendered null and
void through abuse of technological developments by states and corporations for
mass surveillance purposes," the statement adds.
"A person under surveillance is no longer free; a
society under surveillance is no longer a democracy. To maintain any validity,
our democratic rights must apply in virtual as in real space."
Demanding the right "for all people to determine to
what extent their personal data may be legally collected, stored and
processed", the writers call for a digital rights convention that states
will sign up to and adhere to. "Surveillance is theft. This data is not
public property, it belongs to us. When it is used to predict our behaviour, we
are robbed of something else – the principle of free will crucial to democratic
liberty."
McEwan told the Guardian: "Where Leviathan can, it
will. The state, by its nature, always prefers security to liberty. Lately,
technology has offered it means it can't resist, means of mass surveillance
that Orwell would have been amazed by. The process is inexorable – unless it's
resisted. Obviously, we need protection from terrorism, but not at any
cost."
The intervention comes after the Guardian and some of the
world's other major media organisations, including the New York Times, the
Washington Post and Der Spiegel, began disclosing details of the extent and
reach of secret surveillance programmes run by Britain's eavesdropping centre,
GCHQ, and the National Security Agency.
The revelations have sparked a huge debate on the legal
framework and oversight governing western spy agencies. Obama has launched a
review of US intelligence operations, and earlier this month the UN's senior
counter-terrorism official, Ben Emmerson, announced an investigation into the
techniques used by both US and British intelligence agencies.
Civil liberties groups have criticised the UK government
for putting intense political pressure on the Guardian and other media groups
covering the leaks rather than addressing the implications of the mass
surveillance programmes that have been uncovered. But campaigners hope
Tuesday's statement will increase the pressure on governments to address the
implications of the Snowden revelations.
"International moral pressure is what's needed to
ensure politicians address the mass invasion of our privacy by the intelligence
services in the UK and US," said Jo Glanville, from English Pen, which
along with its sister organisations around the world has supported the Writers
Against Mass Surveillance campaign. "The signatories to the appeal are a
measure of the level of outrage and concern."
Tuesday's statement is being launched simultaneously in
27 countries, and organisers hope members of the public will now sign up
through the change.org website.
Eva Menasse, one of the group of German writers who
initiated the project, said it began with an open letter from a group of
authors to the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, when the first Snowden
revelations came to light. "When we started, we did not know how far we
would get. But more and more colleagues joined us and within the last weeks we
were sitting at our computers day and night, using our networks as more people
came forward. This started as an entirely private initiative, but now has
worldwide support."
Another author who helped set up the campaign, Juli Zeh,
said writers around the world had felt compelled to act: "We all have to
stand up now, and we as writers do what we can do best: use the written word to
intervene publicly."
Winterson told the Guardian she regarded Snowden as a
"brave and selfless human being"."We should be supporting him in
trying to determine the extent of the state in our lives. We have had no
debate, no vote, no say, hardly any information about how our data is used and
for what purpose. Our mobile phones have become tracking devices. Social
networking is data profiling. We can't shop, spend, browse, email, without
being monitored. We might as well be tagged prisoners. Privacy is an illusion.
Do you mind about that? I do."
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