5G signal could jam satellites that help with weather forecasting
5G signal could jam satellites that help with weather
forecasting
New mobile system to be launched this year ‘will put
lives at risk’
Robin McKie Sat 4 May 2019 13.10 EDT
The introduction of 5G mobile phone networks could
seriously affect weather forecasters’ ability to predict major storms.
That is the stark warning of meteorologists around the
world, who say the next-generation wireless system now being rolled out across
the globe is likely to disrupt the delicate satellite instruments they use to
monitor changes in the atmosphere.
The result will be impaired forecasts, poorer warnings
about major storms, and loss of life, they say.
“The way 5G is being introduced could seriously
compromise our ability to forecast major storms,” said Tony McNally of the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading. “In the end it
could make the difference between life and death. We are very concerned about
this.”
The crisis facing the world’s meteorologists stems from
the fact that the radio frequencies the new 5G networks will use could
contaminate critical Earth observations made by weather satellites.
Instruments on board the satellites peer down into the
atmosphere and study variables such as water vapour, rain, snow, cloud cover
and ice content – all crucial factors that influence our weather.
One example is the 23.8 gigahertz (GHz) frequency. Water
vapour emits a faint signal at this specific natural wavelength, and this data
is monitored and measured by weather satellites. Forecasters then use this
information to work out how a storm or weather system is likely to develop.
“Such data is critical to our ability to make forecasts,”
said Niels Bormann, also of the Reading weather centre. “They are a unique
natural resource, and if we lose this capability, weather forecasts will get
significantly worse.”
The problem is that some 5G phone networks may transmit
near a frequency similar to that emitted by water vapour, and so would produce
a signal that looks very like its presence in the atmosphere.
“We would not be able to tell the difference and so would
have to discard that data,” added Bormann. “That would compromise our ability
to make accurate forecasts.”
The urgency of the problem is underlined by the fact that
US Federal Communications Commission and similar agencies in other countries
have already started to auction off frequencies close to the 23.8 GHz frequency
to future 5G network providers. In addition, other bands that are used to probe
our weather include the 36-37 GHz band, which is used to study rain and snow;
the 50 GHz band, which is used to measure atmospheric temperature; and the
86-92 Ghz band, which helps to analyse cloud and ice.
All these contain sections of waveband that are being
auctioned off in the US. It remains to be seen if other nations will follow
suit and sell these frequencies in their own countries over coming months. The
issue is set to be debated at a global conference in Egypt later this year.
Forecasters say the US move has already compromised their
ability to collect data, and promise to lobby other nations to limit use of
crucial frequencies to preserve their ability to provide accurate forecasts.
They accuse phone operators of ransacking the radio spectrum for wavelengths to
exploit, and regulators of failing to protect the natural frequencies vital for
Earth observation from space. “The more we lose, the greater the impact will
be,” states meteorologist Jordan Gerth, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
in the current issue of Nature. “This is a global problem.”
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